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class="NyNewsdetail_tips">更新時(shí)間：2017-11-28 點(diǎn)擊次數：2564</div> <div id="0edo8hy" class="NyNewsdetail_con"> <span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">任何溶液的酸堿度都可以用氫離子濃度來(lái)表示。由于水本身具有電離作用，當</span><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">22</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">℃時(shí)每升純水含有</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">10-7</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">克的</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[H+]</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">，而氫的原子量和原子價(jià)都是</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">，所以每升純水含有</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">l0-7</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">克當量的</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[H+]</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">，由于純水中的</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[H+]</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">是由于水分子本身離解產(chǎn)生，即：</font><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">H2O=H++OH-</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">　　</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">純水呈中性，即兩種離子濃度相等，<font face="Calibri">[H+]=[OH-]</font><font face="宋體">，其乘積為定溫常數，稱(chēng)為離子積</font><font face="Calibri">K</font><font face="宋體">水。</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">K<font face="宋體">水</font><font face="Calibri">=[H+][OH-]=10-7*10-7=10-14</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">　　</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">上式適用于任何酸堿性溶液，即任何一種水溶液，其中<font face="Calibri">[H+][OH-]</font><font face="宋體">積都等于</font><font face="Calibri">10-14</font><font face="宋體">。例如在某種水溶液中</font><font face="Calibri">[H+]=10-3</font><font face="宋體">，則</font><font face="Calibri">[OH-]</font><font face="宋體">必然為</font><font face="Calibri">10-11</font><font face="宋體">，因此對于任何一種水溶液，只要知道</font><font face="Calibri">[H+]</font><font face="宋體">，則</font><font face="Calibri">[OH-]</font><font face="宋體">就很容易求得，通常用氫離子濃度的常用對數的負值來(lái)定義</font><font face="Calibri">pH</font><font face="宋體">，表示為：</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">pH=-lg[H+]<font face="宋體">，</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">　　</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">因此中性溶液的<font face="Calibri">pH</font><font face="宋體">值等于</font><font face="Calibri">7</font><font face="宋體">。如果有過(guò)量的氫離子，則</font><font face="Calibri">pH</font><font face="宋體">值小于</font><font face="Calibri">7</font><font face="宋體">，溶液呈酸性；反之，氫氧根離子過(guò)量，則溶液呈堿性。</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">　　</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">pH<font face="宋體">值隨著(zhù)所溶解的物質(zhì)的多少而定，因此</font><font face="Calibri">pH</font><font face="宋體">值能靈敏地指示出水質(zhì)的變化情況。</font><font face="Calibri">pH</font><font face="宋體">值的變化對生物的繁殖和生存有很大影響，同時(shí)還嚴重影響活性污泥生化作用，即影響處理效果，污水的</font><font face="Calibri">pH</font><font face="宋體">值一般控制在</font><font face="Calibri">6.5~7</font><font face="宋體">之間。</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">　　</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">pH<font face="宋體">值通常用電位法測量，常用一個(gè)恒定電位的參比電極和測量電極組成一個(gè)原電池，原電池電動(dòng)勢的大小取決于氫離子的濃度，也取決于溶液的酸堿度。型沉人式</font><font face="Calibri">pH</font><font face="宋體">計。該儀表測量電極采用特殊的對</font><font face="Calibri">pH</font><font face="宋體">反應靈敏的玻璃電極，它具有測量精度高、抗干擾性好等特點(diǎn)。當它浸人被測溶液時(shí)，被測溶液中氫離子與電極球泡表面水化層中的氫離子平衡，同時(shí)玻璃球內外的溶液和電極球泡內壁的水化層產(chǎn)生電位差，玻璃電極內部充有</font><font face="Calibri">pH</font><font face="宋體">值固定的緩沖溶液，引出電極浸人內溶液中形成半電池，與甘汞電極中浸人在飽和氯化鉀溶液中形成的半電池同時(shí)引人轉換器進(jìn)行測量。</font><font face="Calibri">pH</font><font face="宋體">值不同，對應產(chǎn)生的電位也不一樣，通過(guò)變送器將其轉換成標準</font><font face="Calibri">4-20mA</font><font face="宋體">輸出。</font></span></p> </div> <div id="mphdjkl" class="ly_PrevNext"> <ul> <li>上一篇：<a href="/Article-1414668.html">ST-500電磁流量計接地線(xiàn)的選擇</a></li> <li>下一篇：<a 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